Most medical areas have experienced the emergence of laser technology. Laser treatment is widely used in ophthalmology to manage a variety of eye diseases. For instance, it is used to treat posterior capsular opacification (PCO) following cataract surgery and to perform peripheral iridotomy in angle-closure glaucoma. Posterior capsular opacification is also referred to as recurrent cataract or secondary cataract. Additional operations include vitreolysis, peripheral iridotomy, anterior capsule capsulorhexis, corneal stromal reinforcement, and laser posterior capsulotomy, using YAG. Because of the growing demand for non-invasive ocular inventions, the Nd: YAG (Neodymium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser plays a crucial role in enhancing visual health. The review explores the fundamental physics of Nd:YAG lasers and their purposes in the field of ophthalmology.

Keywords: Nd: YAG laser, Posterior capsular opacification (PCO), Glaucoma; iridotomy, capsulotomy, Laser principle iridotomy (LPI).