Corruption as a Criminal Offense in Bangladesh: Comparative Analysis with South Asian Jurisdictions

Abstract

This study has examined corruption in Bangladesh as a criminal offense by comparing legal and institutional enforcement with South Asian countries. The purpose is to evaluate whether existing laws and actions by the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) influence the public’s perception of corruption, as reflected in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). Its aim is also to develop a model that links enforcement outcomes with perception indicators. The study used a secondary data-based quantitative method including time-series data from 2020 to 2024. The CPI score is the dependent variable, while ACC conviction rate, number of cases filed and number of charge sheets submitted are the independent variables. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS. Findings reveal that conviction rate does not significantly impact on the CPI score. However, the number of cases filed and charge sheets submitted both are showing a significant negative relationship with CPI score. This means that increased legal activity by the ACC did not improve the corruption perception. On the contrary, these indicators are associated with a declining CPI score. This could mean that more filings without effective prosecution lower public trust. The regression model had a perfect R-square value by showing strong internal fit. But the negative coefficients suggest that legal quantity does not equal legal quality. Filing many cases may raise expectations and when results are not delivered, public perception worsens. The study recommends that Bangladesh is moving beyond activity-based enforcement. Instead, it should focus on increasing successful convictions by ensuring independence of the ACC, and protecting anti-corruption institutions from political influence. A revised legal strategy based on a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) is advised in the study. In conclusion, corruption in Bangladesh is not just a legal issue but a crisis of weak enforcement and political capture. Comparisons with India are showing that consistent conviction rates and independent institutions can contribute to better CPI scores. So, Bangladesh must adopt reforms that link with enforcement quality with public trust.